Intellectual Property Policy

1. Purpose

The objectives of this Policy are to:

• Protect creators and rights holders.
• Prevent intellectual property infringement.
• Provide procedures for reporting infringement.
• Encourage lawful commerce.
• Promote responsible content creation.
• Protect the integrity of the LIYAD marketplace.

2. Intellectual Property Rights

Intellectual property includes legally protected creations of the mind.

Examples include:

• Copyright.
• Trademarks.
• Service marks.
• Trade names.
• Logos.
• Patents.
• Registered designs.
• Industrial designs.
• Databases protected by law.
• Trade secrets.
• Confidential know-how.
• Software source code.
• Domain names.
• Brand identities.

Ownership of intellectual property remains with the applicable rights holder unless transferred by law or agreement.

3. Seller Ownership Warranty

By publishing content on LIYAD, Sellers represent and warrant that they:

• Own the intellectual property rights in the content; or
• Have obtained all necessary licences, permissions and authorisations to use it.

This applies to:

• Product photographs.
• Logos.
• Product packaging.
• Marketing graphics.
• Videos.
• Product descriptions.
• User manuals.
• Software.
• Digital downloads.
• Brand assets.
• Audio recordings.

Sellers remain solely responsible for any infringement arising from their listings.

4. Copyright

Copyright protects original works of authorship, including:

• Written content.
• Software.
• Artwork.
• Photography.
• Videos.
• Music.
• Graphic designs.
• Educational materials.
• Digital publications.
• Architectural drawings.
• Website content.

Sellers must not upload copyrighted material unless they have the legal right to do so.

Examples of prohibited conduct include:

• Copying another Seller's photographs.
• Republishing copyrighted product descriptions.
• Uploading pirated software.
• Selling copyrighted e-books without permission.
• Offering unauthorized digital downloads.
• Using copyrighted videos without authorization.

5. Trademarks

Trademarks protect names, logos, slogans and other identifiers used to distinguish goods or services.

Sellers must not:

• Use another company's trademark in a misleading manner.
• Suggest affiliation where none exists.
• Misrepresent themselves as an authorised reseller.
• Create counterfeit branded products.
• Use confusingly similar branding intended to deceive consumers.

Lawful resale of genuine branded products may be permitted where consistent with applicable law.

6. Patents and Registered Designs

Sellers may not knowingly sell products that infringe valid:

• Patents.
• Registered designs.
• Industrial designs.
• Utility models.

Where a rights holder submits credible evidence of infringement, LIYAD may investigate and take appropriate action.

7. Trade Secrets and Confidential Information

Users must not upload or distribute confidential information that they do not have permission to disclose.

Examples include:

• Confidential product designs.
• Proprietary source code.
• Internal business documents.
• Manufacturing processes.
• Customer databases.
• Confidential pricing information.
• Non-public research.
• Trade secrets.

LIYAD may remove content believed to unlawfully disclose confidential information.

8. Product Images

Product images uploaded by Sellers must:

• Be owned by the Seller; or
• Be used under a valid licence or with the permission of the rights holder.

Sellers may not:

• Copy competitor images.
• Remove watermarks.
• Use stock photographs without the required licence.
• Misrepresent products through misleading images.
• Upload images that infringe copyright.

Where manufacturers provide authorised marketing images, Sellers should ensure they are permitted to use those materials.

9. Product Descriptions

Product descriptions must be original or lawfully licensed.

The following are prohibited:

• Copying another Seller's descriptions.
• Copying manufacturer content where permission has not been granted.
• Republishing copyrighted catalogues.
• Scraping descriptions from third-party websites.
• Using AI to reproduce copyrighted material in a manner that infringes intellectual property rights.

Short factual product specifications may generally be used where permitted by applicable law, but creative content remains protected.

10. User-Generated Content

Users may upload content to the LIYAD Platform, including:

• Product listings.
• Store logos.
• Product photographs.
• Videos.
• Reviews.
• Questions and answers.
• Blog posts.
• Marketing materials.
• Educational content.
• Digital downloads.

Users retain ownership of their original intellectual property.

However, by uploading content to the Platform, users grant LIYAD a limited, non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free licence to:

• Display the content.
• Host the content.
• Store the content.
• Reproduce the content as necessary to operate the Platform.
• Resize or optimize content for different devices.
• Cache content.
• Promote the user's Store within LIYAD services.
• Use thumbnails and previews.

This licence exists solely to operate, improve and market the Platform and ends when the content is removed, subject to legal, backup and archival requirements.

11. AI-Generated Content

LIYAD supports the responsible use of artificial intelligence.

Sellers may use AI tools to assist in creating:

• Product descriptions.
• Marketing copy.
• Images.
• Videos.
• Design concepts.
• Product documentation.
• Store branding.

However, Sellers remain fully responsible for ensuring that AI-generated content:

• Does not infringe intellectual property rights.
• Is accurate and not misleading.
• Complies with applicable laws.
• Complies with all LIYAD policies.
• Does not falsely represent ownership or authorship.

The use of AI does not transfer legal responsibility to LIYAD or to the AI service provider.

12. Platform Licence

To enable LIYAD to provide its services, Sellers grant LIYAD a limited licence to use uploaded content for purposes including:

• Displaying listings.
• Operating the marketplace.
• Processing transactions.
• Providing search functionality.
• Creating thumbnails.
• Generating previews.
• Indexing content.
• Backing up Platform data.
• Fraud detection.
• Security monitoring.
• Internal analytics.
• Customer support.

This licence does not transfer ownership of the Seller's intellectual property.

13. Copyright Complaints

Rights holders who believe that copyrighted material has been used without authorization may submit a copyright complaint.

A complaint should include:

• The complainant's full name.
• Contact information.
• Identification of the copyrighted work.
• Identification of the allegedly infringing material.
• The URL of the listing or content.
• A statement explaining the alleged infringement.
• A declaration that the information provided is accurate.
• Confirmation that the complainant is the rights holder or is authorized to act on the rights holder's behalf.

Incomplete complaints may require additional information before action can be taken.

14. Trademark Complaints

Trademark owners may report listings that unlawfully use their trademarks.

Trademark complaints should include:

• Registered trademark details where applicable.
• Jurisdiction of registration.
• Registration number (if available).
• Description of the alleged infringement.
• Product or Store URL.
• Contact information.
• Supporting evidence.

LIYAD may request additional documentation before taking action.

15. Rights Holder Verification

To help prevent fraudulent notices, LIYAD may request documentation confirming that a complainant is authorized to act on behalf of the rights holder.

Supporting documentation may include:

• Trademark registration certificates.
• Copyright registration details (where applicable).
• Letters of authorization.
• Licensing agreements.
• Agency appointments.
• Court orders.
• Other evidence demonstrating ownership or authority.

Failure to provide requested documentation may result in the complaint being closed without further action.

16. Counterfeit Products

Counterfeit goods are strictly prohibited.

Examples include:

• Fake luxury products.
• Counterfeit watches.
• Fake designer clothing.
• Counterfeit footwear.
• Counterfeit electronics.
• Unauthorized branded accessories.
• Products falsely represented as genuine.

LIYAD may remove counterfeit listings immediately and take additional enforcement action against the Seller.

17. Repeat Infringer Policy

LIYAD maintains a policy for addressing repeated intellectual property violations.

Factors that may be considered include:

• The number of infringement reports.
• The seriousness of the alleged violations.
• Whether previous warnings were ignored.
• Evidence of intentional infringement.
• Cooperation during investigations.
• Corrective actions taken by the Seller.

Repeat infringement may result in:

• Listing restrictions.
• Temporary account suspension.
• Permanent account termination.
• Restriction on opening future Seller accounts.

18. Good Faith Requirement

Complaints submitted under this Policy must be made in good faith.

Users must not knowingly submit:

• False infringement claims.
• Fraudulent takedown requests.
• Complaints intended to harm competitors.
• Misleading evidence.
• Abusive or vexatious reports.

LIYAD reserves the right to reject complaints that appear to be submitted in bad faith and may take action against users who misuse the reporting process.

19. Temporary Removal During Investigation

Where a complaint appears credible, LIYAD may temporarily:

• Remove a listing.
• Disable access to content.
• Suspend a product listing.
• Restrict sales of affected products.
• Request additional information from the Seller.

Temporary removal does not constitute a finding of infringement and is intended to protect users while the matter is investigated.

20. Seller Response to Complaints

Where appropriate, LIYAD may notify a Seller that an intellectual property complaint has been received.

The Seller may be requested to provide:

• An explanation regarding the listing.
• Evidence of ownership.
• Licensing documentation.
• Authorization from the rights holder.
• Product sourcing information.
• Any other relevant supporting documentation.

Failure to respond within the requested timeframe may result in further enforcement action.

21. Counter-Notice Procedure

Where a Seller believes that content has been removed in error, the Seller may submit a counter-notice.

A counter-notice should include:

• Seller name.
• Store name.
• Contact information.
• Identification of the removed content.
• The URL of the affected listing, if available.
• A detailed explanation of why the Seller believes the removal was incorrect.
• Supporting evidence demonstrating ownership or authorization.

Submitting a counter-notice does not guarantee that content will be restored.

LIYAD may request additional information before making a final decision.

22. Investigation Process

When an intellectual property complaint is received, LIYAD may:

• Review the complaint.
• Review the reported listing.
• Request information from the complainant.
• Request information from the Seller.
• Review supporting documentation.
• Consult independent advisors where appropriate.
• Consider applicable laws and regulations.

Investigations are conducted in good faith and may vary in duration depending on the complexity of the matter.

23. Restoration of Content

Where LIYAD determines that:

• No infringement occurred;
• The complaint was submitted in error;
• The Seller has demonstrated sufficient rights to use the content; or
• The dispute has otherwise been resolved,

LIYAD may restore the affected content or listing.

LIYAD reserves the right to determine whether restoration is appropriate based on the available information and applicable legal requirements.

24. Platform Intellectual Property

All intellectual property relating to the LIYAD Platform remains the property of LIYAD or its licensors.

This includes, but is not limited to:

• The LIYAD name.
• Platform branding.
• Logos.
• Website design.
• User interface.
• Software.
• Source code.
• Databases.
• APIs.
• Documentation.
• Training materials.
• Graphics.
• Icons.
• Platform workflows.
• Proprietary technology.

Nothing in this Policy transfers ownership of LIYAD intellectual property to any user.

25. Use of the LIYAD Brand

Users may not use the LIYAD name, logo or branding in a manner that:

• Suggests sponsorship or endorsement by LIYAD.
• Creates confusion regarding affiliation.
• Misleads consumers.
• Damages LIYAD's reputation.
• Violates trademark law.

Approved references to LIYAD for factual purposes, such as identifying the Platform used by a Seller, are generally permitted provided they are accurate and not misleading.

26. Domain Names and Store Names

Sellers are responsible for ensuring that:

• Store names.
• Custom domains.
• Business names.
• URLs.

do not infringe the rights of third parties.

LIYAD may require a Seller to change a Store name or custom domain where:

• It infringes another party's rights.
• It is misleading.
• It impersonates another business or individual.
• It violates Platform policies.

27. Software and Source Code

Sellers offering software or digital applications through LIYAD must have the legal right to distribute that software.

The following are prohibited:

• Pirated software.
• Unauthorized license keys.
• Cracked software.
• Modified software distributed without authorization.
• Malware.
• Spyware.
• Software designed to facilitate unlawful activity.

Sellers remain responsible for complying with all applicable software licensing terms.

28. Open-Source Software

Software incorporating open-source components must comply with the applicable open-source licence.

Where required by the applicable licence, Sellers are responsible for:

• Providing attribution.
• Including required notices.
• Making source code available where legally required.
• Complying with licence conditions.

LIYAD is not responsible for ensuring compliance with third-party open-source licences.

29. Third-Party Licensed Content

Where Sellers use third-party licensed content, they must ensure that:

• The licence remains valid.
• The intended use is permitted.
• Any attribution requirements are satisfied.
• Licence restrictions are respected.
• Usage limits are not exceeded.

Examples include:

• Stock photography.
• Stock videos.
• Fonts.
• Audio.
• Design templates.
• Software libraries.
• Icons.
• Illustrations.

LIYAD may request evidence of licensing where appropriate.

30. Brand Guidelines

Where a Seller is an authorized distributor or reseller of branded products, the Seller should comply with any applicable brand usage guidelines.

Examples include:

• Correct logo usage.
• Approved product imagery.
• Trademark notices.
• Marketing restrictions.
• Packaging requirements.

Compliance with brand guidelines does not override applicable laws or LIYAD policies.

31. Educational and Fair Use Materials

Nothing in this Policy is intended to limit any rights or exceptions that may exist under applicable law, including lawful educational, research, criticism, commentary, parody or other permitted uses.

Users relying on such legal exceptions remain responsible for ensuring that their use complies with the applicable laws of the relevant jurisdiction.

32. Enforcement

LIYAD reserves the right to take appropriate enforcement action where content, products or user activities violate this Policy.

Enforcement measures may include:

• Removal of infringing content.
• Removal of product listings.
• Requests to correct or replace content.
• Temporary listing restrictions.
• Temporary suspension of Seller accounts.
• Permanent account termination.
• Restriction on creating future accounts.
• Referral to regulatory or law enforcement authorities where required by law.

LIYAD may act immediately where it reasonably believes that infringement is occurring or where immediate action is necessary to protect users, rights holders or the Platform.

33. Cooperation with Rights Holders

LIYAD values cooperation with creators, brand owners and intellectual property rights holders.

Where appropriate, LIYAD may:

• Request additional information from complainants.
• Request supporting documentation from Sellers.
• Facilitate communication between parties where appropriate.
• Remove infringing listings.
• Preserve relevant records where legally required.
• Cooperate with court orders and lawful regulatory requests.

Nothing in this Policy obligates LIYAD to resolve private legal disputes between users or determine ownership of disputed intellectual property beyond what is reasonably necessary to administer the Platform.

34. Account Suspension and Termination

Seller accounts may be suspended or terminated where there is evidence of:

• Repeated copyright infringement.
• Repeated trademark infringement.
• Sale of counterfeit goods.
• Submission of fraudulent licensing documentation.
• Deliberate misuse of another party's intellectual property.
• Failure to cooperate with investigations.
• Repeated violations of this Policy.

Termination may include:

• Permanent removal of Store listings.
• Closure of the Seller account.
• Revocation of API credentials.
• Removal of digital products.
• Restrictions on future Platform participation.

Termination does not affect obligations that arose before the account was closed, including legal claims or outstanding customer obligations.

35. Limitation of Platform Responsibility

LIYAD operates as a technology platform connecting Buyers and Sellers.

Unless otherwise required by applicable law:

• LIYAD does not claim ownership of Seller content.
• LIYAD does not guarantee that all listings are free from intellectual property infringement.
• LIYAD does not independently verify ownership of every uploaded asset.
• LIYAD is not responsible for disputes arising solely between private parties regarding ownership of intellectual property.

LIYAD will, however, investigate credible complaints submitted in accordance with this Policy and take appropriate action where warranted.

36. Changes to this Policy

LIYAD may amend this Policy from time to time to reflect:

• Changes in applicable law.
• Court decisions.
• Regulatory guidance.
• Industry standards.
• Technological developments.
• Platform improvements.
• Emerging intellectual property risks.

Material changes may be communicated through:

• Email notifications.
• Seller Dashboard announcements.
• Platform notices.
• The LIYAD Trust Centre.

The latest published version replaces all previous versions.

Continued use of the Platform after changes become effective constitutes acceptance of the updated Policy.

37. Governing Law

This Policy shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the Republic of South Africa.

It should be read together with the following LIYAD policies:

• Terms of Service.
• Seller Agreement.
• Privacy Policy.
• Buyer Terms & Conditions.
• Acceptable Use Policy.
• Prohibited Products Policy.
• Health Claims & Regulated Products Policy.

Nothing in this Policy limits any rights or obligations arising under applicable intellectual property laws.

38. Contact Information

Questions regarding this Policy or reports of alleged intellectual property infringement may be directed to:

General Support

support@liyad.co.za

Legal Department

legal@liyad.co.za

Intellectual Property Team

ip@liyad.co.za

Compliance

compliance@liyad.co.za

Website

https://www.liyad.co.za

When submitting an intellectual property complaint, please include where available:

• Product URL.
• Store URL.
• Description of the protected work.
• Description of the alleged infringement.
• Supporting documentation.
• Proof of ownership or authorization.
• Contact information.

Providing complete information helps LIYAD investigate reports efficiently and fairly.

39. Version History

| Version | Date | Description |

| 1.0 | 26 July 2026 | Initial publication of the LIYAD Intellectual Property Policy. |

Our Commitment

LIYAD is committed to fostering a marketplace that respects creativity, innovation and intellectual property rights.

We support creators, entrepreneurs, brand owners and businesses by promoting responsible commerce and providing a fair process for addressing intellectual property concerns.

We will continue to review and improve this Policy to reflect changes in technology, marketplace practices and applicable law.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

By creating a Seller account, uploading content, publishing listings or otherwise using the LIYAD Platform, you acknowledge that you have read, understood and agree to comply with this Intellectual Property Policy.

Failure to comply with this Policy may result in listing removal, account suspension, account termination or other enforcement actions described herein.